-point- People often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people.
related ideas
1. Clifford and Nash, “the media equation”
2. Freud, transference
–see also Sherry Turkle on computers as “second selves” and as “evocative objects”
3. surrealists, “automatic writing” (recall Tristan Tzara’s “recipe”)
4. Mannheim/Schutz/Garfinkel, the “documentary method”
there are three parts of the related point
how should we treat technologies~~~.
how should we treat ohters? -1. like us
2. radically different
what makes believe someone or something is alive, thinking, or simply the same as us?
questions of aesthetics, goals and intentions
do objects, technologies and natural phenomena have goals and intentions?
or, do they just look like they have goals and intentions?
it is a little bit confusing.
1. If we view objects, technologies and natural phenomenon as if they do, in fact, have goals
and intentions, then we will design like an artificial intelligence researcher
2. If we view objects, technologies and natural phenomenon as if the just look like they have
goals and intentions, then we will design like a tool builder for human “users” or “operators” of
our tools.
as we learned history of HCI as tools : people.
(people)
Vannevar Bush: memex
J.C.R. Licklider: computer networking, agents
Ivan Sutherland: sketchpad
Doug Engelbart: mouse, GUI, word processing, etc.
Ted Nelson: hypertextAlan Kay: object-oriented programming, laptops etc,
(systems)
–Memex: 1945 (concept)
–Sketchpad 1963
–NLS (oNLine System) - 1963-68
–Xerox Alto 1972, Xerox Star 1981------------------------------>terminal??mainframe---connetct----------the other computer.
–Apple Lisa 1983, Mac 1984, NeXT 1988
–Macintosh Powerbook 1991
–WWW ~1994
(funding)
–Military: Navy, Air Force, ARPA, DARPA
–Universities: MIT, Stanford, CMU, UC
–Government: National Science Foundation 1950-now
–Companies: Xerox PARC: 1970-now, Apple – NeXT
–simple example..using webcam ------>we can control delay and bold from trace.
where does HCI meet AI?
--basic design question: should the computer act like a person?
agents versus “direct manipulation”
even “direct-manipulation” interfaces are based on a “conversation” metaphor: the computer responds immediately to each action or command from the “user” ->....>it depends on circumstance.
two models of conversation
1.
–information/intention transmission
2.
–co-construction of meaning
we saw a movie.---and we could learn frome them.
–lesson from “Sleeper”
1) Reliability
2) Personalization
3) if it isn’t broken, don’t fix it
4) intuitive UI design
@@question for today@@
what problem does Weizenbaum’s ELIZA system address or solve?
–the artificial intelligence answer: it does (or does not) behave like a human and is therefore
successful (or not successful)
–the ethnomethodology answer: it is taken to be a like a person in a conversation and thus
simply works like most other technologies in a social situation.
-------->computer doesn't count on us!!!
Johnstone’s “algorithm”--->there are some rules on the conversation.
ethnomethodology: a definition
Ethnomethodology simply means the study of the ways in which people make sense of their social world.
Ethnomethodology is a fairly recent sociological perspective, founded by the American sociologist Harold Garfinkel in the early 1960s. The main ideas behind it are set out in his book "Studies in Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodology differs from other sociological perspectives in one very important respect
Ethnomethodologists assume that social order is illusory.
They believe that social life merely appears to be orderly; in reality it is potentially chaotic. For them social order is constructed in the minds of social actors as society confronts the individual as a series of sense impressions and experiences which she or he must somehow organize into a coherent pattern.
-Lucy Suchman
she is one of the primary people working in the fields of participatory design (pd) and computer-supported cooperative work
How do people make sense of the world
????---------->!!“documentary method"!!
The method consists of treating an actual appearance as ‘the document of,’ as ‘pointing to,’ as ‘standing on behalf of’ a presupposed underlying pattern. The method is recognizable for the everyday necessities of recognizing what a person is ‘talking about’ given that he does not say exactly what he means, or in recognizing such common occurrences and objects as mailmen, friendly gestures, and promises
cONcULSION- As for that I could learn the new terminology.- documentary method and Ethnomethodology. but its a little bit difficult for me to understand. so i'm tying to configure them.^^
Fighting!!
